The Effects of Alcohol Essay -- Papers Alcohol Drinking Liquor Essays

The Effects of Alcohol Works Cited Not Included Alcohol is a substance that has numerous diverse affects on the body-both positive and negative. Alcohol not only kills brain cells, but when taken in profusion it has almost no constructive affects. Sure it can make one overlook his/her problems, but the consequences of drinking in excess far outweigh the benefits. It is not a crime to get drunk, however alcohol will almost always cause one to conduct them self in a way he or she would not normally behave. For instance, a sober man will not usually drive ninety-five mph down I-95, however, after consuming a good amount of alcohol, his eyesight, judgement, reflexes and abilities are hindered to the point that he feels indestructible. Alcohol is a drug, and when abused it has almost no positive affects. It is the most widely used and socially acceptable drug in the world. (Taylor, 6-7) Alcohol abuse is more physically destructive than the abuse of any other popular drug. When much is consumed in a short period of time, alcohol (ethanol) causes immediate changes in the body. First it slows down the workings of the brain. The drinker?s speech may become slurred and his steps staggered. The body?s reflexes become dulled as the nervous system slows down. (Taylor, 14) The drinker does not always realize this and may feel as if he is perfectly capable of normal functioning, but this is not always so. His abilities are impaired and he should not be given responsibility. Alcohol is often incorporated in many different aspects in our society. It is drunk as part of social celebrations such as birthdays, weddings, and parties. It is also drunk as a salve for the emotional pain of rejection and heartache. Alcoholi... ...teens are purchasing alcoholic beverages from irresponsible storeowners. In 1997, it was recorded that 56% of eighth graders have tried alcohol, as well as 71% of tenth graders, 80% of twelfth graders, rising to 88% in college students. These are large numbers when stated that the legal drinking age in almost all fifty states is twenty-one. In conclusion, the public as a whole needs to learn when enough is enough. It is fine to drink, but the key is to drink in moderation. People should not allow themselves to get ?totally trashed? or ?ridiculously wasted?, but drink with maturity. It is not a crime to get drunk, it is the things one does when he/she becomes intoxicated that will get them incarcerated. People will always drink, but there need to be strict laws enforced for the punishment of those who choose not to be responsible while under the influence.

Reflection Paper for Philosophy of Religion Essay

Religion has been as part of society as far as its beginnings. All ancient human civilization had some sort of belief in a God or the transcendent. Beliefs have always been an issue within any human society. The belief of the transcendent gives humans a chance or hope for eternal happiness for people who abide their beliefs. But through out history, different religions and beliefs emerged which gives rise to the inconsistency. There are numerous differences between religions: one versus many gods, personal versus impersonal gods, personal survival of believers versus no survival of believers, moral codes, religious life, etc. As observable in human history, though religions often offer some sort heaven it often paradoxically entails conflicts and controversies. And despite the fact that religions supposedly gives people a sense of what’s right or wrong, atrocities have been committed in the name of religion; the hundred years war, the inquisition, jihad, ethnical cleansings etc†¦ And amidst the variety of beliefs that populate contemporary society, one cannot help to think how to take in hand the overabundance of truths that sometimes overlaps, dissent, and eventually oppose each other. There are three stances one can take. First is to (1) treat all religions as valid and true (pluralism). Another way is to (2) view beliefs in way that some are right and some are wrong (exclusivism). Finally, one can also (3) think about all religions as false (atheism). Let me take into consideration the third stance first. By arguing that all religious beliefs are false, it also means arguing that God or any form of the transcendent does not exist. And by arguing this, means rejecting all of the theistic theses that were formulated in the history of man. And this is the part where the catholic philosopher’s shear my head off, as countless theologians in history were also philosophers. With atheism in hand, the question God’s Being is also raised. Paul Tillich argues that God is Being, where â€Å"Being† represented the ultimate reality that underlies all existence, whether natural or supernatural. In fact, Being doesn’t necessarily pertain to a personal God at all. Tillich wanted  to make Being stand for the ultimate concern of all humans, conceived in the broadest sense. Furthermore, any attempt to define what Being is, by giving it the name of a particular God, fails to capture the true Being. Tillich thinks that all particular conceptions of Being that we are familiar with in the West constitute idolatry. When we give religious symbols too much importance, then we have fallen into mere idolatry. It might be plausibly argued that a religion must possess religious symbols and rituals to qualify as a religion-but, if this is true, then all religions must in a way be idolatrous. This is quite a strong and ridiculous thing to claim. But on the other hand it can also be claimed that atheism is really theism because it possesses infinite concern. The unknowable â€Å"God behind God† symbols mediate our relationship with God. God is beyond existence and non-existence. This leads us to the more theistic approach on the variety of human belief. First is the idea of pluralism which is spearheaded by John Hick. Hick’s theory holds that all religions are expressions of the same ultimate reality. However, how is it possible for all religions to be true images of the same ultimate reality? They can’t all be correct because this would be a violation of the law of non-contradiction (the thesis that something cannot possess a property and lack it at the same time and in the same way). For example, to argue that God is personal from my religion’s perspective and not personal from another religion’s perspective and thus avoid the violation of the law of non-contradiction is to say that God is not ultimately personal. Since it has just been accepted that some other religion has an equally valid view of God which contradicts my own religion’s view, this conclusion once again dents the justification for believing in the specifi c theories of God by my particular religion (in fact, many religions will reject this compromise for this very reason; namely, because the religion’s views are not really believed to be entirely true). At one point, Hick argues that the ultimate reality of God has no properties or attributes by itself, but only in relation to believers. So the properties we attribute to God are relational properties, which don’t exist or pertain to God if we don’t exist to assign those properties to God. Yet, this theory still implies that each religion’s view of that ultimate reality is not completely true since there exist other, contradictory and  equally correct relative views of God. And this undermines the importance of that particular religion’s beliefs. Also, a being that has no properties or attributes in itself seems incoherent, because, once again, the law of non-contradiction does not seem to apply to that being in the absence of any believers. Besides, a being that has no properties is almost identical to nothing. On the other hand, one can also take the path of an Exclusivist. Exclusivism states that one’s own religion is true, all the other are false. Which yet again sets it in conflict with every other thought out there: Which religion is the true religion? For the exclusivist, salvation comes from faith in that one true religion. But, there are exceptions that present several problems. Examples of these are people who didn’t hear the religion’s message. Also there are those virtuous and good people who did hear the religion’s message but rejected it. One way to solve these problems is to accept a view that still accepts that there is one true religion (and all the others are false), but who is included in that religion is increased to include all of the people covered in the aforementioned examples (â€Å"Inclusivism†). In addition, the same difficulty mentioned above, of determining which religion is the one true religion, this theory also suffers in that it seems to undermine the importance of being one of the people who essentially hears and follows the message of that one religion. Since merely being a virtuous person is enough to get into heaven, it no longer seems to be all that important to hear any religion’s message, and this weakens the motivation for following that religion. Another way is to deal with the variety of belief is to treat them as some are more right than others. Although all beliefs may hold some truth in them as what a pluralist might say, there is also the notion of some beliefs holding more sensible, plausible, and appealing aspects than others. Treating beliefs that some are more right than others will impose some sort of hierarchy among them. Being so, there is no sense to take what is less that the optimal path or any belief other than the belief on the top of the ladder. This might be attributed to a sense of rationality or a mental faculty for deciding what people should hold is true or a sense of epistemic  duty. Since belief holds such importance in a person’s personal and social life as was mentioned earlier, it cannot be helped to seek verification of what is true and what is not. Then again, an argument can arise from here asking what basis of rightness or wrongness of a certain belief is in the aforementioned hierarchy. Certainly, we cannot take an objective perspective here due to nature of the subject as argued in numerable articles about belief (belief cannot be grounded empirically). This then leaves me with no means to measure the rightness or wrongness of a certain belief. If this is so, it can be said then that the matter of belief can be left to the personal opinions and values of the believer, or simply put, belief is completely subjective. Just like understanding any other major term in philosophy of religion, completely understanding the existence of variety of human beliefs in this case would be as hard as pinning gelatin to a wall. Just as one thinks one has held the whole thing in one point, the rest of it slips away and falls apart. And in the end we are back to ground zero, stuck in a standstill conflict of being either an atheist, pluralist or an exclusivist; a sort of conflict between two extremes of anarchy and tyranny. Pluralism in its purest form can lead to anarchy of beliefs due to the equal treatments of all beliefs as in way true and valid. Exclusivism taken to the extreme may is tyranny in sense that only one or some beliefs are the plausible ones to take. And the supposedly safe answer of atheism which every other theistic argument rebukes. Alluding to the idea of the other that cannot be consumed by the I in Hegelian manner of the thesis and the anti-thesis having a compromise in the form of the synthesis, religions can neither be equalized by a common denominator nor taken separately and treated with bias. Hick, Plantinga, and Tillich tried nobly to create stable grounds by creating bases for beliefs by conceptualizing the whole idea of religions and beliefs. Yet with the contradictions to every argument presented, loose or dead ends appear due to the infinitely vast reality (and paradoxically ambiguous) of religious beliefs, thus one cannot firmly hold his belief in every ground. Therefore, it can be said that there is no safe answer. A risk then of making a mistake is not avoidable just as every evil is inevitable in the world. And just as uncertain the issue of human belief is as every  philosophical paradox goes, it is left in the riddle of choice.

Introduction to recruitment and selection - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1394 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Recruitment and selection are two different activities. The meaning of recruitment is the mechanism of making interest for the people to apply for work and selection is the final decision of a specific candidate for the particular position. For any organization it is important that the people who are going to be Hire must have abilities, talent and perspective that you need. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Introduction to recruitment and selection" essay for you Create order In long term phase organization needs those types of employees who have the abilities to face the challenges and can continue learning. So like this there are more chances for the organization to get the competitive edge. Also for the long term aspect approach, proclivity and competency is more important than present command and knowledge. While in the process of selection on judgment the individuals is used to forecast in assuring favourable outcomes on the job. As these are all assumptions and there is no guarantee that these predictions are unmistakeable so there are always chances of misjudgements. T here are basically two kinds of decision error which may happen in any electing process which are defined as follows. False positive or mistaken acceptance: where candidate are elected but prove to be incompetent. False negative or mistaken rejections: where candidate who were competent and capable and could perform better are refused. Organizations while employing the indiv iduals are more worried about false positives because as a result it causes inadequate performance and costly misjudgement. In these type of organizations it can be said that if they increase their level of entry condition so that to decrease the possibility of false positives. As a result of this standard the candidates who are actually competent will be selected and the applicants who do not fulfil the requirement will be refused. The Selection judgments play a major role for success in any organization. As taking the wrong decisions while selecting are always subject to huge loss for the organization. It is necessary for the organization that it has a higher quality of selection process so that it could accomplish more suitable results in all. As the demand for the multi proficiency variable work force and joint effort is rising, selection has come to be a lesser element for hiring those applicants who are fully specialized in one area. Immediate aptitude and empiricism may be lesser considerable than intending to learn, adaptability and potential to work in a team. There are basically two types of recruitment. These are called internal recruitment and external recruitment. Internal recruitment is basically when recruitment takes place from the present employees and when recruitment takes place from excluding present employees, it is known as External Recruitment. Informal Methods: Advantages: The existing employees have already the information for the organization. Thats why it is very easy for them to adjust in the organizational culture because they are already part of the organization but new candidates will take time to adjust in the new environment. It means that organization has to arrange training session for the new clients which result increase the extra cost for the organization. The positions will be occupied quickly. This helps to fill the positions promptly and to run the operations smoothly. Candidates will be also well known with the organization, it is relief for the organization to save time and spend less for then starting phase which is induction. Bring new ideas and views. Less employee training and development especially if they have been learned elsewhere. Employee can illustrate a novelty for the business look while hiring them from outside. When you hire an employee through informal method of recruitment and selection then coordination and team work becomes more vital because the person you are going to hire is familiar to the organization, co-workers or the employees who referred him. This will result positively against any given task or assignment. Disadvantages: Make use of internal channels only which restricts the option to hire from outside their may be better employees options available in the outside market. Some times it is really important to take new blood to spread present ideas, information and devotion but through informal method it becomes difficult for the potential candidates to get information about such particular positions and as a result we may not hire the best candidate having rigorous qualifications, skills and expertise. Many potential candidates are unable to apply against such kind of positions because these positions are not publicly advertised. For many organizations this typical manner caused to create professional jealously among the co workers on the promotion of one individual. In informal methods organization usually rely on employees links and references and they do not properly judge their needs and their personal objectives. So there can be a miss match between the objectives of the individual and the firm. This clash of objectives would result as a long term loss for the organization. There is no certainty about the employee to whom the organization is going to choose for the services will be best fit in the environment and can prove its abilities and skills in the organization because the individual who is selected not assessed in a structured way. Recruitment Agencies and their Advantages and Disadvantages: There are many private employment agencies doing outsourcing and who are registering for employment, short listing the candidates by their skills and qualifications. But the final decision is taken by the representative of the organization. In few cases the representative also sits on the panel for the final selection of the employee. In the process of outsourcing while there is already a processing and short listing by the employment agencies helps the organization to save time and it is cheaper because while recruiting the employee by the indirect method there are more expenditures as the organization do this by their selves. To some extent it can be said that the identity of the organization will not be disclosed which helps to be saved by the unnecessary applications. On the other hand it is also important that organization may loose those persons in the short listing who are capable and the organization representative would like to meet with them. There is collection of lar ge pool of applications and candidates will be chosen among them. It means that all talent will be gathered at one place. On the basis of competence, the employees can be short listed which then be pass through in the final process and unnecessary applicants will be eliminated. These candidates are those how can contribute a lot for the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization. These people who are running these agencies are experts in the human resource field and better know the ideal candidate through the process of recruitment and selection. The candidates which they refer to the organization, the organization more rely on these candidates because organization realizes that these are the best pool of candidates which make their organization more competitive. The recruitment agencies are very effective in hiring the top position. The recruitment industry has four main types of agencies: Head hunters for professional and executive recruitment, employment agencies, and re cruitment websites and in house recruitment but we will discuss only the hiring through recruitment agencies. The recruitment agencies increased the extra cost of organization which badly affect on the overall proftalbity of the organization because the advertising agency has to go through in all processes, every process has its own cost and all cost has to bear by the company. Thats why this method is as such not suitable for the organization because it affect the financial sustainability of the organization. So, it can be said that this method is not cost effective. At the end, it can be concluded that recruitment and selection through informal method and through recruitment agencies can be used by the organization in the different situation to fulfil its human resource requirement. The informal methods are very useful for hiring the clerks because in this way organization can save its cost which can be used at somewhere else at more productive purpose. The organization has not to make much effort on it because it has not to pass though the whole human resource recruitment and selection processes. On the other way, the hiring through recruitment agency will be very helpful for hiring large pool with quality and effectiveness. Shorty, the organization used both methods in different situation for hiring the quality candidates.